Creative writing papers
Topic For Research Paper About English
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Machiavelliââ¬â¢s Pyschological Game in ââ¬ÅThe Princeââ¬Â Free Essays
Machiavelliââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Princeâ⬠: By Any Means Necessary Part 15 of Machiavelliââ¬â¢s The Prince, entitled Of the Things for Which Men, and Especially Princes, Are Praised or Blamed, states that, all together for a man to keep up control of a legislature and better that region, he should take part in specific activities that might be regarded indecent by the open he serves. Machiavelli contends an admirable sentiment, that the idea of man is twofold, enveloping acceptable and underhanded, good and bad. The viability of his contention, in any case, depends on the way that the individual perusing his paper is a target onlooker of human instinct. We will compose a custom article test on Machiavelliââ¬â¢s Pyschological Game in ââ¬Å"The Princeâ⬠or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Not leaving this to risk, Machiavelli plays a mental game with the peruser so as to persuade them regarding his contention. Machiavelli introduces his theory with discourse that endeavors to put the peruser in a subordinate perspective. He admits to the peruser that he fears sounding arrogant for expounding regarding a matter secured ordinarily before by others and contrasting from their sentiment in the issue. This announcement puts the writer helpless before the peruser and sets them up to hear a thought that may not be well known. Having been solicited absolution or the pride from the writer, the peruser drops obstructions that he may have against contentions driven by conscience and opens his brain to Machiavelli on an individual, true level. By setting himself at the feet of the peruser, Machiavelli sets himself and his contention in a place of intensity. He burns through no time in utilizing this capacity to oversee the peruser. In the following sentence he expresses that he will probably make a framework for conduct in open office â⬠of utilization to the individuals who understandâ⬠. This announcement forces the peruser to concur with the focuses that the dependable, orthright Machiavelli contends, or be consigned the positions of those uninformed nitwits that don't comprehend. Machiavelli at that point presents his theory, that a ruler must utilize both great and malevolence so as to keep up his control over the state. The peruser has basically no decision however to acknowledge this thought before any confirmation has been given. With the peruser in the palm of his hand, Machiavelli needs just to make a general contention of his point to persuade the peruser of its legitimacy. The creator expresses that there are activities for which a ruler is either commended or accused. He records numerous instances of good characteristics and their restricting mentalities. Rather than marking them great and underhandedness, be that as it may, Machiavelli titles them fanciful and genuine. By calling the great attributes and the pioneer who has them nonexistent, he evacuates the chomp that the notice of fiendishness doing may have on the peruser. Evacuating this passionate punch makes his proposition, that malevolent conduct is important to appropriately control, self-evident. Machiavelli applies the principles he sets out for fruitful administration of a country to his own composition. He is careful not to annoy the peruser ith an explanation that is excessively explicit. He controls the brain of the peruser so as to subdue his feelings and make him all the more tolerating of his assessment. He appears to be frail when he is generally amazing and appears to be ground-breaking when he has no reason to be taken seriously. He is wary and respectful when his foeââ¬â¢s guards are up and assaults with the entirety of his assets at his foeââ¬â¢s shortcomings. Machiavelli composes an emphatically persuading exposition. The verification for his assessment lies in the words he expresses as well as in the stream and credibility of the work itself through the use of the very methods he urges. Instructions to refer to Machiavelliââ¬â¢s Pyschological Game in ââ¬Å"The Princeâ⬠, Essay models
Saturday, August 22, 2020
NEONATAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
NEONATAL - Essay Example It is basic in babies that are being breastfed. It creates when the liver of the child is deficient to expel the bilirubin from the circulatory system. The condition can happen when infant neglect to get a decent beginning to breastfeeding, or when breastfeeding is enhanced with captions that wind up meddling with breastfeeding. Enough breastfeeding assists with making a solid discharge that insider facts bilirubin develop. Stoll, et al 210 states that, breastfeeding jaundice typically settle itself when the infant gets enough taking care of. On the off chance that jaundice keep going for over 14 days in a strongly breastfed newborn children, the condition is called breastfed jaundice. As per taking care of necessity of untimely newborn children, the condition is brought about by certain state in bosom milk, which insults proteins that are answerable for separating bilirubin. This condition is hereditarily acquired. The Treatment of the bosom milk jaundice relies upon variables, for example, regardless of whether the child was conceived rashly or not. There are situations where jaundice doesn't happen in light of inadequate breastfeeding. In such case, giving the infant additional liquid will help. Different medicines incorporate setting the child under extraordinary blue light. In situations where the bilirubin supplants the typical limit, it is suggested that the mother quit nursing for a time of 24 hrs. This condition is regular in babies are conceived rashly or the individuals who experience respiratory issue after birth. The condition includes anomalous advancement of the lung tissue in baby regularly due to being under mechanical ventilation for long. BPD may likewise emerge from different conditions that an infant can't adapt to. Such conditions may incorporate pneumonia and injury or different contaminations. There is no known remedy for BPN; any treatment is planned for guaranteeing that the child gets enough oxygen that will upgrade their development. A portion of the drug utilized may incorporate anti-infection agents to decrease bacterial contamination; short
Friday, August 21, 2020
Antietam I hardly knew him.
Antietam I hardly knew him. DID YOU KNOW? An Italian defender once said of Pele, after the 1970 World Cup finals, I told myself before the game, hes made of skin and bones just like everyone else but I was wrong. I dont know if this comes as some sort of great disillusionment to you, but you dont always have stuff to do at work. Unless youre working 16 hours a day plus weekends for some crazy consulting company, youre probably going to end up having a little bit of down time in your typical day. Especially if years of pulling all-nighters at MIT have trained you into a super-efficient chemical engineering machine capable of diluting solutions and running chromatograms at the drop of a hat. There will come a time when there are just no more chromatograms to run or users manuals to peruse. So I think thats why Wikipedia was invented. I think Wikipedia is the ideal task for free time at work, because you can break away from it immediately when new work arises, and youre actually learning something in the process. In many cases, it may even be something factual. This morning I happened to be reading the article about the Battle of Gettysburg, which was just wrapping up around 143 years ago today. I had completely forgotten this fact before the end of the article; the only reason I stumbled upon it was because I was looking up Freddie Mercury a few days ago, which eventually got me into an article about Coca-Colas C2 beverage (advertised using Queens pop anthem I Want to Break Free, which itself was also appropriated by Argentinian dissidents in the 1980s). From there I found a list of commercial failures of the 20th century which, in addition to detailing the fascinating history of the Dixie Square Mall, also led me to an article about New Coke (a development that led a pregnant Sams Mom to stockpile cases of Coca-Cola in 1985 for fear that her only son would be raised in a world without the its classic taste). After that, I dont really remember what happened, but it doesnt seem like too much of a stretch for me to have gotten to the America n Civil War from there. I grew up in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, about 38 miles north of Gettysburg. Now, I have heard that all history teaching is influenced by where you grow up, like in the Southern United States they might focus on the superiority of Confederate generals in the face of limited resources, or the various textbook controversies surrounding World War II atrocities. And in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 38 miles north of Gettysburg, nobody gets out of a public school system without visiting Gettysburg at least twice, seeing the movie, hearing grizzled old reenactors tell you about the ghost they saw there once, crouching in the Devils Den and pretending to be a famous Confederate sharpshooter, and walking/running the mile of Picketts Charge while imaging rains of union gunfire pouring down from above. Nor without hearing that Gettysburg was, in fact, the most important battle of the Civil War, and perhaps any war (because what would have happened to history if the Confederacy had won?) and that when we visit Gettysburg next week (dont forget to turn in your permission slips!), youre going to see the High Water Mark on Cemetery Ridge, which is the farthrest the Confederacy ever advanced into the Union. And, hey, really, there wasnt supposed to be a battle at Gettysburg at all! Despite what you saw in the movie last week, the only reason that there was a battle was because Lee and Meade had both heard that there was a shoe factory in Gettysburg, which would have greatly helped. Actually, Lee was on his way to Harrisburg, which, as the railroad capital of the North, was a tremendous strategic location and would have crippled the North. Needless to say, I didnt buy that at all. As nice as my hometown is, I could scarcely imagine it as being the true target of the most important military operation in all recorded history. In the spring of 2005, I took STS.001: Technology in American History. I didnt want to take it, really. MIT General Institute Requirements required me to take a CI-M class, I opted to keep afternoons free for a 20-hour-per-week UROP, and my overly ambitious attempt at a double major filled my schedule with five other classes that I thought looked cool. But it turned into one of the most interesting classes Ive taken at MIT, giving both an engineers and a sociologists perspectives on such diverse topics as railroad construction, hot rods, atomic weaponry, steamboat motor design, and Charlie Chaplins Modern Times. But the most interesting STS.001 class was the special bonus 2-hour guest lecture right before spring break of my sophomore year, where Dr. Foley brought in Professor Merritt Roe Smith to talk about the American civil war. I already knew Professor Smith as the housemaster for my dorm, Burton-Conner. He invites my floor down for delicious dinners from time to time, comes to trivia outings with us, and greets me with a jolly Hello! How are things in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania? whenever he sees me at desk. I think he forgot my name and only remembers my hometown. But that day, he was there to talk about Civil War technologies. About halfway through the lecture, he paused to give a demonstration of Civil War medicine. He said that he used to do it with an actual volunteer from the audience, but one time a girl fainted and had to be taken to the MIT Medical. So, without a volunteer, he pulled an authentic civil war bone saw out of his bag and demonstrated the vigorous sawing motion which one would have to saw through a wounded soldiers flesh, emphasizing the lack of sterile procedure and anesthesia at the time. But a bone saw, despite its colorful, name couldnt really get you all the way through the bone. So he said, that, if he had a volunteer, he would wrap this towel around her arm and show you how grisly battlefield surgeons really were by carefully showing this motion right here, through which the amputated limb could just be snapped right off. Well, at that point I nearly passed out. From there, I barely made it through the next portion of the talk, which consisted of pictures of amputees demonstrating how poorly amputations were done at the time (usually, they just cut off the bad part, and sewed the good parts back together, leaving you with one arm longer than the other). Like the time Mr. Kemble brought a formaldehyde-preserved cows heart into AP Bio, I was just barely on the verge of consciousness, and given another reason not to be pre-med. But just then I was granted a reprieve, as we turned to the discussion of the Battle of Gettysburg, which actually has an interesting story behind it that Professor Smith had to tell us about. And there, in my nauseated daze, I swear that Professor Merritt Roe Smith, noted technological historian and MIT professor for 30 years, told the entire STS.001 class, myself included, that the Battle of Gettysburg was not even supposed to happen, that General Lee had heard there was a shoe factory there, and that the Confederate Army was really headed for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the major center for the Union railroads, which we had probably learned about in the past few weeks. And with that, I was gone. Happy Fourth of July, America!
Monday, May 25, 2020
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Particle Definition and Examples in English Grammar
The English word particle comes from the Latin, a share, part. In English grammar, aà particle is a word that does not change its form through inflection and does not easily fit into the established system of parts of speech. Many particles are closely linked to verbs to form multi-word verbs, such as go away. Other particles include to used with an infinitive and not a negative particle. In tagmemics, the term particle refers to a linguistic unit seen as a discrete entity, definable in terms of its features. (Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 2008). Examples and Observations Particles are short words...that with just one or two exceptions are all prepositions unaccompanied by any complement of their own. Some of the most common prepositions belonging to the particle category: along, away, back, by, down, forward, in, off, on, out, over, round, under, up.(Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey Pullum. A Students Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2006.) The storm ate up Septemberââ¬â¢s cry of despair, delighted at its mischief, as all storms are.(Valente, Catherynne M. The Girl Who Circumnavigated Fairyland in a Ship of Her Own Making, 2011.) Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesnt go away.(Dick, Philip K. How to Build a Universe That Doesnt Fall Apart Two Days Later, 1978.) I was determined to know beans.(Thoreau, Henry David. Walden, 1854.) I was determined not to give up. [T]he idea (as all pilots understood) was that a man should have the ability to go up in a hurtling piece of machinery and put his hide on the line...(Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff, 1979) The Escape Category Particle is...something of an escape (or cop-out) category for grammarians. If its small and you dont know what to call it, call it a particle seems to be the practice; and a very useful practice it is, too, as it avoids pushing words into categories in which they do not properly belong... Do not confuse particle with the similar-looking participle; the latter has a much more well-defined application. (Hurford, James R. Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994.) Discourse Particles ââ¬â¹Well and now in English... have been referred to as discourse particles, for example by Hansen (1998). Discourse particles are placed with great precision at different places in the discourse and give important clues to how discourse is segmented and processed... Discourse particles are different from ordinary words in the language because of the large number of pragmatic values that they can be associated with. Nevertheless, speakers are not troubled by this multifunctionality but they seem to know what a particle means and be able to use it in different contexts.(Aijmer, Karin. English Discourse Particles: Evidence From a Corpus. John Benjamins, 2002.) Particles in Tagmemics The tagmemics system works on the assumption that any subject can be treated as a particle, as a wave, or as a field. A particle is a simple definition of a static, unchanging, object (e.g., a word, a phrase, or a text as a whole)... A wave is a description of an evolving object... A field is a description of a generic object in a large plane of meaning.(Hain Bonnie A. and Richard Louth, Read, Write, and Learn: Improving Literacy Instruction Across the Disciplines, Teaching in the 21st Century: Adapting Writing Pedagogies to the College Curriculum, ed. by Alice Robertson and Barbara Smith. Falmer Press, 1999.)
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay about Plastic Surgery Does It Really Change Your...
Often, there is a disconnection between the self whom we present to the world and our ââ¬Å"trueâ⬠self. Some people try to blur the line between the person they are in the inside and the person they present to others. They try to rub out their imperfections and use plastic surgery to try to become that person they think they really are. However, plastic surgery does not change one`s ââ¬Å"trueâ⬠self. Many people today feel insecure about their bodies. They feel that people will judge them more if they have a crooked nose or eyes that are too close to each other. Some get liposuction if they feel too fat or breast implants because they think it will make them more attractive to the opposite sex. These people who do not feel happy about the way theirâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Somewhat surprisingly, patients did not report significant improvements in body image quality of life.â⬠(Sarwer, 268) It seems the long-term effects are not quite yet 100% certain so far, s o one cannot say that plastic surgery makes a person`s life better for the rest of his or her life. One can argue that when one changes their outward appearance, all those compliments the person receives, can change their personality a bit. For example, a person that used to be very self-conscious about how they look would now become slightly more outgoing, because they feel better about themselves. When someone gets more attention from the opposite sex, after having done the surgery, that person would feel happier. Most people use facial plastic surgery for ââ¬Å"correcting feature defects or improving the appearance; for example, removing birth marks, moles, scars and correcting disfiguring defects.â⬠(Singh, 1) Some individuals have ââ¬Å"delusions of ugliness or misshapennessâ⬠(Bradbury, 301). This is called body dysmorphic disorder. They hold the belief that something is wrong with them despite them not being ugly at all. The patients` lives gets taken over by the need to find the ââ¬Å"cure,â⬠to rid them of their self-thought strange looks. Most patients with this disorder find themselves dejected and felt great shame in how they looked. Patients saw how they looked to be ââ¬Å"socially unacceptable and as arousing strong adverse reactions in others, which led to social avoidance.â⬠(Bradbury,Show MoreRelated`` The Pitfalls Of Plastic Surgery `` By Camille Paglia Essay1609 Words à |à 7 Pagesstandard has become extremely perilous to men and womenââ¬â¢s self-image. Camille Paglia, a highly educated individual who earned her PhD at Yale University and became a highly acclaimed author, explicates this conception in her essay ââ¬Å"The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgeryâ⬠. Paglia suggests that the beauty standard idealizes women to look like ââ¬Å"sex symbols with an unattainable grandeurâ⬠(776). She continues to claim that it forces her audience of higher class women to pay large sums of money in order to alter theirRea d MorePlastic Surgery : Physical Or Emotional Problem?1988 Words à |à 8 PagesPlastic Surgery: Physical or Emotional Problem? Nowadays, plastic surgery has become an extremely popular and powerful procedure for people, especially for women, to fit in their notion of beauty associated with gender, race, ethnics and social class. Plastic surgery pressures people to appear more physically attractive to model ideals and be more socially accepted in society, as beauty is a construct based entirely on childhood impressions, influences and role models. Some other people in theirRead MoreHow Should One Define The American Identity?1642 Words à |à 7 PagesHow should one define the American Identity? The American Identity should be defined as multicultural individuals who commit to similar common values, ideas, beliefs, and personal freedom rather than being defined by race, ethnic identity, and religion. Our common values, ideas, and beliefs depend on the core structure of the American government: the Constitution, which provides freedom, equality, and independence. Since America is very diverse due to the consta nt flow of immigrants from all overRead MoreCritical Film Response (Western Eyes)1898 Words à |à 8 PagesCritical Film Response (Western Eyes) The documentary film ââ¬ËWestern Eyesââ¬â¢ by Ann Shin presents two Canadian women of Asian descent who are contemplating having plastic surgery to permanently change their looks. The aim of their surgeries was to westernize their appearances. Sharon, who is of Korean descent, wants to have eyelid surgery done to give her eyes ââ¬Ëmore of a foldââ¬â¢. Maria is of Filipino descent and was considering changing both her eyes and nose at the beginning of the film. Sharon, theRead MoreLife Span Development Essay1402 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe exception of what I would call living as a star in the spotlight. Heredity had little to do with Michaelââ¬â¢s development and personality. I can say that his father was a person that may have had a compulsive personality disorder because he was really demanding thinking that would make the group achieve success better. In the end result the father hindered the group more than he helped. He took away their childhood because they were forced to practice or rehearse during times they should haveRead MoreShould Teenagers Undergo Elective Cosmetic Surgery?1865 Words à |à 8 PagesOn January 4, 2013 at 10:21 pm a corporation by the name of Dheng Nhiee published this quote, ââ¬Å"Plastic surgery is an option for everyone, but it is never a necessityâ⬠. As confirmed by many surgeons in the field of cosmetic based procedures, most of the patients seeking purely beauty care see enhancing their physic al appearance as the only, or at least the best, fix for the destructive problems they face, such as harassment or personal insecurities. These thoughts are especially expected in minorsRead MoreA Study Published In The Journal Pediatrics Found That1909 Words à |à 8 Pagesextreme measures such as cosmetic surgery to fit in with their peers. Although some studies show that cosmetic surgery shows temporal improvement in psychological issues such as self-confidence, for young adolescents it can lead to much severe complications that can lead to many severe cases of psychological disorders. The rate of plastic surgery in teens has been rising every year. A recent study revealed that almost forty percent of teens have considered cosmetic surgery and more than two hundred thousandRead MoreTo Be True to Yourself in a World That Is Constantly Making You Something Else Is a Great Achievement1260 Words à |à 6 Pagesin with others. Although it may seem hard during this day and age to keep true to yourself with peer pressure, the media and portrayals factorising our change in personality, why do we hide behind their expectations? Why do we change ourselves to be accepted by people who in the long run donââ¬â¢t matter? A lot of respect goes to those who donââ¬â¢t change themselves based on other peopleââ¬â¢s thoughts and indications, as theyââ¬â¢ve overcome society and destroyed social conditioning. As human beings we like toRead MoreAbout Face: the Face Transplant Debate6103 Words à |à 25 Pages It is only natural that phenomenal strides in transplant science and surgery now present society with a much different and complex prospect: transplantation of the human face. Until recently, transplant procedures were done only in life-threatening cases, and transplanted organs were internal and non-visible. Essential to each of us and to the whole of humanity, the face is primal in its individual image and identity. It is intrinsically connected with us in a way that defied questionââ¬âuntilRead MoreThe, The Yellow Wallpaper And Maria Cristina Mena s The Vine Leaf1553 Words à |à 7 Pagesstimulation in attempt to fix her ââ¬Å"nervous condition.â⬠Meanwhile, Mena writes about a woman whose charms manipulate a doctor into removing a birth mark that would identify her in a murder without ever seeing her face and has the power to keep her identity hidden. However, thi s womanââ¬â¢s power relies on a doctorââ¬â¢s authority. In my opinion, both of these writings belong in the literary canon because the statement each author makes in terms of feminism and womenââ¬â¢s power, and the way doctors specifically
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Food and Beverage in Hotels a Recipie for Success free essay sample
It is a very well established fact that independent, freestanding Food and Beverage outlets are more successful than their hotel equivalents. There has always been a lot of scrutiny into the monetary role that Food and beverage operations play within hotels and if they are a venture that will compromise the total profitability of the establishment. Hotels, right until the 1950ââ¬â¢s predominantly generated its revenue from room sales. This all changed when the wars ended bringing economic stability through international commerce. Food and Beverage outlets, especially hotel restaurants were very well received and often celebrated for the unique gastronomic experiences they offered. These hotel departments propagated an abundance of revenue for their establishments and as the industry flourished so did the competition. Since the late 1980ââ¬â¢s there has been a sudden boom in independently owned restaurants and other Food and Beverage outlets. This new addition not only revolutionized the Hotel Industry but also has made it into the commercial juggernaut that it is today. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Beverage in Hotels: a Recipie for Success? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Freestanding Food and Beverage operations offer an almost infinite array of cuisines and other services compared to the generic Hotel Restaurant and bar. With such varied and unique choices on offer itââ¬â¢s not hard to deduct why the consumers favor independent outlets to their Hotel counterparts. According to political economist Dr. Elliott R Morss (June 2009), There are in estimate of over 8. 7 million independently owned restaurants worldwide. These freestanding businesses generate more than US$550 billion globally and thatââ¬â¢s not taking into account Alcohol, which is a jaw dropping estimate of US$1,163 billion. With a handicap of such numbers the Food and Beverage outlets within the Lodging establishments unfortunately perform very poorly. Hotels have to maintain Food and beverage Operations as providing these amenities helps them maintain a competitive edge within the Industry and this constantly works against them. In his book, Michael Oââ¬â¢Fallon (2011) elaborates upon this situation calling it a ââ¬Ënecessary evilââ¬â¢ because many Hotel establishments tend to believe the costs of running labor heavy Food and Beverage operations consisting of very high quality products and services in the midst of all this fierce competition will very likely utweigh the benefits. Due to this attitude consumers have come to expect hotels to provide such amenities as a standard necessity. Lodging establishments providing Food and Beverage facilities are termed as ââ¬Å" Full Serviceâ⬠Hotels, which usually have multiple outlets catering to various demographics both, to in-house guests and visitors alike. The problem with having many departments is that if one outlet isnââ¬â¢t making enough profit it will adversely affect the total overall revenue of the establishment. Smaller businesses and Independently owned operations do not face such a dilemma. They can afford to take more calculated risks and make several drastic changes without compromising their position in the market. Whereas Hotels cannot afford this luxury as they have to account for several other departments and have to maintain a respectable industry repertoire. With independently run Food and Beverage operations in the drivers seat some Hotel Chains have resorted to leasing or outsourcing their outlets and operations in an effort to cut their losses. A certain trend has begun within the industry especially with Hotel restaurants where establishments have started leasing their own established dining facilities to keen entrepreneurs or Celebrity Chefs. Many Hoteliers have seen success adopting this trend, the best example of this being the main hotel restaurant of the Claridiges, London that is being run by world-renowned chef Gordon Ramsay. This venture has made the Hotel into a bit of an attraction and savors millions in new incoming revenue. Some establishments choose to take another approach by completely getting rid of the Food and Beverage Operations. Such a method, according to Tushar Kapoor (2006), Director of Professional Development at the California State Polytechnic University is extremely implausible and will work against the companyââ¬â¢s reputation. He suggests a more strategic option would be to become more competitive within the local markets. Start with adopting a fresh new approach and implementing new financial and business strategies by doing adequate market research. Freestanding enterprises also face many challenges just like hotel establishment but they have a much smaller stake to loose in comparison to the latter. Ironing out these issues requires good management and competent market knowledge. In an article for Parkway Hospitality Mgmt. , Michael Haynie, SR. (2010) writes that modern day Food and Beverage operations should be more geared towards profitability. Strategically tweaking and modernizing both physical and operational aesthetics of the business can achieve this goal. For e. g.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)