Harriet Martineau Sociology, Politics, Philosophy

Particle Definition and Examples in English Grammar

The English word particle comes from the Latin, a share, part. In English grammar, a  particle is a word that does not change its form through inflection and does not easily fit into the established system of parts of speech. Many particles are closely linked to verbs to form multi-word verbs, such as go away. Other particles include to used with an infinitive and not a negative particle. In tagmemics, the term particle refers to a linguistic unit seen as a discrete entity, definable in terms of its features. (Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 2008). Examples and Observations Particles are short words...that with just one or two exceptions are all prepositions unaccompanied by any complement of their own. Some of the most common prepositions belonging to the particle category: along, away, back, by, down, forward, in, off, on, out, over, round, under, up.(Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey Pullum. A Students Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2006.) The storm ate up September’s cry of despair, delighted at its mischief, as all storms are.(Valente, Catherynne M. The Girl Who Circumnavigated Fairyland in a Ship of Her Own Making, 2011.) Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesnt go away.(Dick, Philip K. How to Build a Universe That Doesnt Fall Apart Two Days Later, 1978.) I was determined to know beans.(Thoreau, Henry David. Walden, 1854.) I was determined not to give up. [T]he idea (as all pilots understood) was that a man should have the ability to go up in a hurtling piece of machinery and put his hide on the line...(Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff, 1979) The Escape Category Particle is...something of an escape (or cop-out) category for grammarians. If its small and you dont know what to call it, call it a particle seems to be the practice; and a very useful practice it is, too, as it avoids pushing words into categories in which they do not properly belong... Do not confuse particle with the similar-looking participle; the latter has a much more well-defined application. (Hurford, James R. Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994.) Discourse Particles ​Well and now in English... have been referred to as discourse particles, for example by Hansen (1998). Discourse particles are placed with great precision at different places in the discourse and give important clues to how discourse is segmented and processed... Discourse particles are different from ordinary words in the language because of the large number of pragmatic values that they can be associated with. Nevertheless, speakers are not troubled by this multifunctionality but they seem to know what a particle means and be able to use it in different contexts.(Aijmer, Karin. English Discourse Particles: Evidence From a Corpus. John Benjamins, 2002.) Particles in Tagmemics The tagmemics system works on the assumption that any subject can be treated as a particle, as a wave, or as a field. A particle is a simple definition of a static, unchanging, object (e.g., a word, a phrase, or a text as a whole)... A wave is a description of an evolving object... A field is a description of a generic object in a large plane of meaning.(Hain Bonnie A. and Richard Louth, Read, Write, and Learn: Improving Literacy Instruction Across the Disciplines, Teaching in the 21st Century: Adapting Writing Pedagogies to the College Curriculum, ed. by Alice Robertson and Barbara Smith. Falmer Press, 1999.)

Essay about Plastic Surgery Does It Really Change Your...

Often, there is a disconnection between the self whom we present to the world and our â€Å"true† self. Some people try to blur the line between the person they are in the inside and the person they present to others. They try to rub out their imperfections and use plastic surgery to try to become that person they think they really are. However, plastic surgery does not change one`s â€Å"true† self. Many people today feel insecure about their bodies. They feel that people will judge them more if they have a crooked nose or eyes that are too close to each other. Some get liposuction if they feel too fat or breast implants because they think it will make them more attractive to the opposite sex. These people who do not feel happy about the way their†¦show more content†¦Somewhat surprisingly, patients did not report significant improvements in body image quality of life.† (Sarwer, 268) It seems the long-term effects are not quite yet 100% certain so far, s o one cannot say that plastic surgery makes a person`s life better for the rest of his or her life. One can argue that when one changes their outward appearance, all those compliments the person receives, can change their personality a bit. For example, a person that used to be very self-conscious about how they look would now become slightly more outgoing, because they feel better about themselves. When someone gets more attention from the opposite sex, after having done the surgery, that person would feel happier. Most people use facial plastic surgery for â€Å"correcting feature defects or improving the appearance; for example, removing birth marks, moles, scars and correcting disfiguring defects.† (Singh, 1) Some individuals have â€Å"delusions of ugliness or misshapenness† (Bradbury, 301). This is called body dysmorphic disorder. They hold the belief that something is wrong with them despite them not being ugly at all. The patients` lives gets taken over by the need to find the â€Å"cure,† to rid them of their self-thought strange looks. Most patients with this disorder find themselves dejected and felt great shame in how they looked. Patients saw how they looked to be â€Å"socially unacceptable and as arousing strong adverse reactions in others, which led to social avoidance.† (Bradbury,Show MoreRelated`` The Pitfalls Of Plastic Surgery `` By Camille Paglia Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesstandard has become extremely perilous to men and women’s self-image. Camille Paglia, a highly educated individual who earned her PhD at Yale University and became a highly acclaimed author, explicates this conception in her essay â€Å"The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery†. Paglia suggests that the beauty standard idealizes women to look like â€Å"sex symbols with an unattainable grandeur† (776). She continues to claim that it forces her audience of higher class women to pay large sums of money in order to alter theirRea d MorePlastic Surgery : Physical Or Emotional Problem?1988 Words   |  8 PagesPlastic Surgery: Physical or Emotional Problem? Nowadays, plastic surgery has become an extremely popular and powerful procedure for people, especially for women, to fit in their notion of beauty associated with gender, race, ethnics and social class. 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These thoughts are especially expected in minorsRead MoreA Study Published In The Journal Pediatrics Found That1909 Words   |  8 Pagesextreme measures such as cosmetic surgery to fit in with their peers. Although some studies show that cosmetic surgery shows temporal improvement in psychological issues such as self-confidence, for young adolescents it can lead to much severe complications that can lead to many severe cases of psychological disorders. The rate of plastic surgery in teens has been rising every year. A recent study revealed that almost forty percent of teens have considered cosmetic surgery and more than two hundred thousandRead MoreTo Be True to Yourself in a World That Is Constantly Making You Something Else Is a Great Achievement1260 Words   |  6 Pagesin with others. Although it may seem hard during this day and age to keep true to yourself with peer pressure, the media and portrayals factorising our change in personality, why do we hide behind their expectations? Why do we change ourselves to be accepted by people who in the long run don’t matter? A lot of respect goes to those who don’t change themselves based on other people’s thoughts and indications, as they’ve overcome society and destroyed social conditioning. As human beings we like toRead MoreAbout Face: the Face Transplant Debate6103 Words   |  25 Pages It is only natural that phenomenal strides in transplant science and surgery now present society with a much different and complex prospect: transplantation of the human face. Until recently, transplant procedures were done only in life-threatening cases, and transplanted organs were internal and non-visible. Essential to each of us and to the whole of humanity, the face is primal in its individual image and identity. It is intrinsically connected with us in a way that defied question—untilRead MoreThe, The Yellow Wallpaper And Maria Cristina Mena s The Vine Leaf1553 Words   |  7 Pagesstimulation in attempt to fix her â€Å"nervous condition.† Meanwhile, Mena writes about a woman whose charms manipulate a doctor into removing a birth mark that would identify her in a murder without ever seeing her face and has the power to keep her identity hidden. However, thi s woman’s power relies on a doctor’s authority. In my opinion, both of these writings belong in the literary canon because the statement each author makes in terms of feminism and women’s power, and the way doctors specifically

Food and Beverage in Hotels a Recipie for Success free essay sample

It is a very well established fact that independent, freestanding Food and Beverage outlets are more successful than their hotel equivalents. There has always been a lot of scrutiny into the monetary role that Food and beverage operations play within hotels and if they are a venture that will compromise the total profitability of the establishment. Hotels, right until the 1950’s predominantly generated its revenue from room sales. This all changed when the wars ended bringing economic stability through international commerce. Food and Beverage outlets, especially hotel restaurants were very well received and often celebrated for the unique gastronomic experiences they offered. These hotel departments propagated an abundance of revenue for their establishments and as the industry flourished so did the competition. Since the late 1980’s there has been a sudden boom in independently owned restaurants and other Food and Beverage outlets. This new addition not only revolutionized the Hotel Industry but also has made it into the commercial juggernaut that it is today. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Beverage in Hotels: a Recipie for Success? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Freestanding Food and Beverage operations offer an almost infinite array of cuisines and other services compared to the generic Hotel Restaurant and bar. With such varied and unique choices on offer it’s not hard to deduct why the consumers favor independent outlets to their Hotel counterparts. According to political economist Dr. Elliott R Morss (June 2009), There are in estimate of over 8. 7 million independently owned restaurants worldwide. These freestanding businesses generate more than US$550 billion globally and that’s not taking into account Alcohol, which is a jaw dropping estimate of US$1,163 billion. With a handicap of such numbers the Food and Beverage outlets within the Lodging establishments unfortunately perform very poorly. Hotels have to maintain Food and beverage Operations as providing these amenities helps them maintain a competitive edge within the Industry and this constantly works against them. In his book, Michael O’Fallon (2011) elaborates upon this situation calling it a ‘necessary evil’ because many Hotel establishments tend to believe the costs of running labor heavy Food and Beverage operations consisting of very high quality products and services in the midst of all this fierce competition will very likely utweigh the benefits. Due to this attitude consumers have come to expect hotels to provide such amenities as a standard necessity. Lodging establishments providing Food and Beverage facilities are termed as â€Å" Full Service† Hotels, which usually have multiple outlets catering to various demographics both, to in-house guests and visitors alike. The problem with having many departments is that if one outlet isn’t making enough profit it will adversely affect the total overall revenue of the establishment. Smaller businesses and Independently owned operations do not face such a dilemma. They can afford to take more calculated risks and make several drastic changes without compromising their position in the market. Whereas Hotels cannot afford this luxury as they have to account for several other departments and have to maintain a respectable industry repertoire. With independently run Food and Beverage operations in the drivers seat some Hotel Chains have resorted to leasing or outsourcing their outlets and operations in an effort to cut their losses. A certain trend has begun within the industry especially with Hotel restaurants where establishments have started leasing their own established dining facilities to keen entrepreneurs or Celebrity Chefs. Many Hoteliers have seen success adopting this trend, the best example of this being the main hotel restaurant of the Claridiges, London that is being run by world-renowned chef Gordon Ramsay. This venture has made the Hotel into a bit of an attraction and savors millions in new incoming revenue. Some establishments choose to take another approach by completely getting rid of the Food and Beverage Operations. Such a method, according to Tushar Kapoor (2006), Director of Professional Development at the California State Polytechnic University is extremely implausible and will work against the company’s reputation. He suggests a more strategic option would be to become more competitive within the local markets. Start with adopting a fresh new approach and implementing new financial and business strategies by doing adequate market research. Freestanding enterprises also face many challenges just like hotel establishment but they have a much smaller stake to loose in comparison to the latter. Ironing out these issues requires good management and competent market knowledge. In an article for Parkway Hospitality Mgmt. , Michael Haynie, SR. (2010) writes that modern day Food and Beverage operations should be more geared towards profitability. Strategically tweaking and modernizing both physical and operational aesthetics of the business can achieve this goal. For e. g.